{"id":10040,"date":"2023-02-02T12:34:52","date_gmt":"2023-02-02T02:34:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hkm.ru\/?post_type=special&#038;p=10040"},"modified":"2023-10-27T15:39:19","modified_gmt":"2023-10-27T05:39:19","slug":"lev-zilber-uchyonyj-i-issledovatel","status":"publish","type":"special","link":"https:\/\/hkm.ru\/zh\/special\/lev-zilber-uchyonyj-i-issledovatel\/","title":{"rendered":"Lev Zilber \u662f\u4e00\u540d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5458"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5728\u7b79\u5907\u5c55\u89c8\u9879\u76ee \"Tick.\u5f53\u573a\u6293\u83b7 \"\u5c55\u89c8\u9879\u76ee\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9080\u8bf7\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u53c2\u52a0\u5c55\u89c8\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u6709<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u5386\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff08\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\uff09\u3001<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>K.A. Timiryazev \u56fd\u5bb6\u751f\u7269\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff08\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\uff09\u3001<strong>&nbsp;\"N.A.\u8c22\u9a6c\u4ec0\u79d1\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u6240\"\uff08\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\uff09\u3001&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;\u666e\u65af\u79d1\u592b\u56fd\u7acb\u8054\u5408\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u548c\u827a\u672f\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\"\uff08\u666e\u65af\u79d1\u592b\uff09\u3001\u8fdc\u4e1c\u56fd\u7acb\u79d1\u5b66\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff08\u54c8\u5df4\u7f57\u592b\u65af\u514b\uff09\u3001\u62c9\u4f50\u5e02\u5730\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff08\u54c8\u5df4\u7f57\u592b\u65af\u514b\u8fb9\u7586\u533a\u4f69\u5217\u4e9a\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u5361\u5c45\u4f4f\u533a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u516c\u5f00\u611f\u8c22\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c31\u8be5\u56fd\u535a\u7269\u9986\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6709\u5173\u8731\u4f20\u8111\u708e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u8bf4\u51e0\u53e5\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u8c08\u8c08\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"650\" src=\"https:\/\/hkm.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/foto-k-pervoj-state-1024x650.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10041\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hkm.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/foto-k-pervoj-state-1024x650.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hkm.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/foto-k-pervoj-state-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hkm.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/foto-k-pervoj-state-768x488.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hkm.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/foto-k-pervoj-state-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/hkm.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/foto-k-pervoj-state.jpg 1057w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>L.A. Zilber \u548c V.A. Kaverin\uff0c1940 \u5e74\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u683c\u52d2\u5dde\u5362\u52a0\u3002<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><br><\/strong>\u6765\u81ea\u666e\u65af\u79d1\u592b\u56fd\u7acb\u8054\u5408\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u548c\u827a\u672f\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7684\u85cf\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">20 \u4e16\u7eaa 30 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u4f34\u6709\u53d1\u70e7\u3001\u8111\u90e8\u53d1\u708e\u548c\u762b\u75ea\u7684\u672a\u77e5\u75be\u75c5\u5728\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5\u81f4\u547d\u544a\u7ec8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u53ea\u5728\u590f\u5b63\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u9886\u571f\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u5217\u592b-\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u7f57\u7ef4\u5947-\u9f50\u5c14\u4f2f\uff08\u5929\u624d\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u514d\u75ab\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u80bf\u7624\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b66\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u8005\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u764c\u75c7\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u536b\u751f\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff09\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u4e00\u6279\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ece\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u88ab\u6d3e\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5217\u592b-\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5fb7\u7f57\u7ef4\u5947\u4e8e 1894 \u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u8bfa\u592b\u54e5\u7f57\u5fb7\u5dde\u6885\u5fb7\u7ef4\u5fb7\u65af\u5361\u4e9a\u4f0f\u7f57\u65af\u7279\u7684\u6885\u5fb7\u7ef4\u5fb7\u6751\u4e00\u4e2a\u519b\u4eba\u5361\u4f69\u5c14\u6885\u65af\u7279\u5bb6\u65cf\u3002\u4ed6\u4ece\u5c0f\u5c31\u68a6\u60f3\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u533b\u751f\u30021912 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u94f6\u724c\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u4ece\u666e\u65af\u79d1\u592b\u5dde\u7acb\u4f53\u6821\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u5723\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u4e09\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8f6c\u5165\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u4e0a\u8bfe\u30021919 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u540c\u65f6\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b66\u9662\u6bd5\u4e1a\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ed6\u5fd7\u613f\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u7ea2\u519b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4e0e\u4f24\u5bd2\u75c5\u4f5c\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u91cd\u8fd4\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u3002\u4ece 1921 \u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4eba\u6c11\u536b\u751f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1925 \u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u672a\u6765\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u970d\u4e71\u7684 Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermolieva\u3002L.A. Silber \u548c Z.V. Ermolieva \u5a5a\u540e\u7684\u5934\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u5206\u522b\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u79d1\u8d6b\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1929 \u5e74\uff0cL.A. Zilber \u9886\u5bfc\u963f\u585e\u62dc\u7586\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u548c\u5df4\u5e93\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7cfb\u3002   1930 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d1f\u8d23\u6251\u706d\u7eb3\u6208\u5c14\u8bfa-\u5361\u62c9\u5df4\u8d6b\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u9f20\u75ab\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u68c0\u75ab\uff0c\u75ab\u60c5\u88ab\u6251\u706d\u3002L.A. Zilber \u88ab\u6388\u4e88 \"\u7ea2\u65d7\u52cb\u7ae0\"\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u56e0\u7834\u574f\u963f\u585e\u62dc\u7586\u5c45\u6c11\u611f\u67d3\u9f20\u75ab\u800c\u88ab\u6355\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c4 \u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u4ed6\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8981\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u4f5c\u5bb6\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u59c6-\u9ad8\u5c14\u57fa\uff08Maxim Gorky\uff09\u7684\u8bf7\u613f\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u7531 L.A. Zilber \u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f--\u4f5c\u5bb6 Veniamin Kaverin\uff08Veniamin Zilber \u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u7b14\u540d\uff09\u627e\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u524d\u59bb Z.V. Ermolieva \u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89e3\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u56de\u5230\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u4e2d\u592e\u533b\u751f\u8fdb\u4fee\u5b66\u9662\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u5e76\u62c5\u4efb\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u8054\u90a6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u536b\u751f\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5854\u62c9\u8c22\u7ef4\u5947\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u63a7\u5236\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u8054\u90a6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u536b\u751f\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e2d\u592e\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e86\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b66\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7531\u4e8e\u4e1a\u7ee9\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c1937 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u6c11\u536b\u751f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8fdc\u4e1c\u8003\u5bdf\u961f\u961f\u957f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u79cd\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08CNS\uff09\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u3002\u5728\u8003\u5bdf\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5--\u8731\u4f20\u8111\u708e--\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6f84\u6e05\u3002\u884c\u52a8\u603b\u90e8\u4f4d\u4e8e\u54c8\u5df4\u7f57\u592b\u65af\u514b\u8fb9\u7586\u533a\u7684\u5965\u535a\u5c14\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9--\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8731\u866b\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u643a\u5e26\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u91ce\u751f\u52a8\u7269\uff08\u82b1\u6817\u9f20\u3001\u9e2b\u9e1f\u7b49\uff09\u5219\u662f\u643a\u5e26\u8005\u3002\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\uff0c\u75ab\u82d7\u7814\u5236\u6210\u529f\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u52a8\u7269\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4e0a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56de\u5230\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u52a0\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5956\uff1bL.A. Zilber \u56e0\u63ed\u53d1\u6709\u4eba\u4f01\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u4f9b\u6c34\u611f\u67d3\u8111\u708e\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cbb\u7597\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u836f\u7269\u5f00\u53d1\u7f13\u6162\u800c\u88ab\u6355\u3002\u5728\u72f1\u4e2d\uff0cL.A. Zilber \u7ee7\u7eed\u4ece\u4e8b\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6cbb\u75c5\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u4f69\u4e54\u62c9\u670d\u5211\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7814\u5236\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u82d4\u85d3\u548c\u9175\u6bcd\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u7cd9\u76ae\u75c5\u7684\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u836f\u7269\u7ed9\u56e0\u5b8c\u5168\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u56da\u72af\u670d\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1939 \u5e74\uff0c\u5217\u592b-\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u7f57\u7ef4\u5947\u83b7\u91ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u5927\u6982\u53c8\u8981\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u524d\u59bb Z.V. 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